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[原创] 伟大的小飞机——假想敌飞行员眼中的A-4

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发表于 2009-12-23 03:53:42 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
依旧来自Hoser的神帖,不过本贴作者不是Hoser

作者Greg "Magic" Quist,75年至85年间作为Topgun教官/假想敌飞行员与Hoser等神共事。


原载于Tomcat-Sunset论坛,翻译3GO-204/Mutha



毫无疑问飞F-14是种享受,不过飞A-4也是一种不可思议的经历,而且是与飞F-14完全不同的——从起飞到进入战区,整个过程迅速而简单。这些专门用作假想敌的A-4上没有计算机,没有雷达,没有自动驾驶仪,只有一套塔康(还不全有……),无线电和应答机。

实际上,作为飞行员,你并不是“坐”在A-4里,而是被捆在飞机上,尤其对于单座型的A-4E和A-4F来说。你的双肩紧挨着座舱盖的滑道,膝盖则只能卡在仪表板上挖出的两个缺口中。你的头盔距座舱盖玻璃的两侧和顶部都只有仅仅几英寸。更要命的是,单座型的A-4E/F在5-7点钟方位的视野完全被遮挡,所以你只能通过不断摆动机尾来检查自己的“之前的”正6点。

A-4的滚转率恐怕是所有战斗机中最高的(760度/秒)。尽管装J-52 P-408发动机的A-4F(昵称:“超级狐”Super-Fox),在油量较低时(Bingo+1600lbs)可以获得接近1的推重比。不过由于A-4E机头“较轻”(J-52 P-8发动机个头较小,以及推力和重心的原因),所以不少假想敌飞行员反而觉得A-4E比超级狐好飞,尤其是在紧凑的滚转剪刀中。

用A-4狗斗是一门真正的“艺术”。在如芭蕾舞一般的低速滚转剪刀中,飞行员不只要动杆和蹬舵,还得会用大拇指(杆上苦力帽的配平操纵)。由于A-4不是全动平尾,升降舵(由杆控制)只占整个水平尾翼面积的一小部分,相反配平用的电动水平安定面(苦力帽控制)占了更大的面积,因此低速下俯仰配平技术的使用是绝对必要的。同时油门的控制也十分必要,正确的油门操作也能产生更多的俯仰力矩。

驾驶A-4狗斗最困难的部分是如何使两侧的前缘缝翼能够同时收放。A-4的缝翼是在高攻角时靠重力放出的。而在高攻角下,缝翼不同步展开意味着你会瞬间骑上一匹脱缰的野马。因此让缝翼在需要的时候同步的展开绝对是个技术活。最后,要灵活的收放襟翼,能够把握正确的时机把它们放到1/4、1/2和UP位(要用左手去够油门杆后的襟翼手柄),也是另一个决定“芭蕾舞”胜负的关键因素。

这种50年代制造的“古老”的小飞机让很多“现代战斗机”的飞行员阴沟翻船——既有海军的也有空军的。虽然按理说他们不该以被这小东西踢屁股收场,但实际上这些纸面数据占优的战斗机如果不能飞的更加聪明而且耐心(飞行员对性能上优势的利用过于“贪婪”),那么小巧的A-4可能会突然把它们打翻在地。

伟大的小飞机!

[ 本帖最后由 Mutha 于 2009-12-23 10:03 编辑 ]
 楼主| 发表于 2009-12-23 03:56:02 | 显示全部楼层

原文,仅翻译了后半部分,前半部分介绍他们的调动

Like the west coast VF-124 F-14 instructor pilots flying VF-126 A-4’s as adversary vs. RAG students, VF-101, in the early eighties, had, at any given time, about four F-14 ACM instructors also qualified in VF-43’s A-4’s as RAG bogey drivers on the east coast. Since VF-43 was so busy with the new FARP program (“Fleet ACM Readiness Program” -- in getting fleet squadrons up to speed between cruise turn-around), they were glad to have the F-14 RAG pilots fly their A-4’s for the ultra-specifics of the F-14’s student syllabus in their ACM program (which the RAG pilots were intimately familiar with).
IOW, they didn’t have to worry about knowing the RAG syllabus with the demands of FARP.


It was a GREAT deal for those RAG instructor pilots, because you mostly flew nothing but ACM -- often times a couple of hops, or more, a day -- in the A-4.
Also, you still got to fly the F-14 a few times a month also!
Snort was (of course!!) one of those pilots when I got to VF-101 in the summer of 1980 along with Wheatly, Dirty Harry, Saint, Buddy, Zoom, Bowser, and others (as pilots transitioned back to fleet squadrons -- or airlines(!) -- and others replaced them in the A-4 bogey role).


I was fortunate enough to drive those VF-43 A-4’s as a VF-101 F-14 instructor circa 80-82 (also, A-4’s again, as VFC-12 adversary circa 86-89 and then at VT-22 Kingsville training command 89-91).
All that great extra A-4 flying came about because, at the Miramar O’club, Snort was in town on a X-country.
After my first east coast, Oceana, fleet sea-duty tour with VF-143, I was sent back west to VF-124 to instruct/LSO in 1979.
Basically, Snort talked me into making another coast to coast move (within ten months!) from Miramar back to Oceana to help with a looming VF-101 RAG LSO shortage, by using this fun VF-101 bogey-driver possibility as a carrot.


As awesome as flying the F-14 was, flying the A-4 was also incredible -- in a different way.
It was quick, easy, and ultra-simple to man up and get airborne, and then get to the engagement arena.
There were no computers, no radar, and no autopilot (that worked, anyway!) on those stripped down bogey A-4’s -- just a TACAN (sometimes!), radio, and transponder.


You did not “get into” the A-4... you strapped it on.
Especially the single seat A4-E’s and A4-F’s.
Your shoulders rubbed against the canopy rail, and knees (on taller guys like me) barely fit through the cutouts on the narrow instrument panel to the rudders.
Your helmet was just a couple of inches from either side and from the top in hitting the canopy glass.
The visibility in the single seat A4-E/F’s between the 5-7 o’clock regimes was non-existent, so you had to get the tail around to see the “former
6 o’clock area.


The A-4 probably had the fastest roll rate (760 degrees per second) of any fighter.
The A4-F (“Super-Fox”) was close to one-to-one thrust to weight with its J-52 P-408 engine once you had burned down to a “one more quick engagement” fuel state (around 1600 lbs) before bingo fuel.
The A-4E had a “lighter” nose (due to smaller J-52 P-8 engine and its associated thrust/CG factors), so it was even more preferred by some bogey-drivers than the Super-Fox -- especially in a tight, rolling fight.


There was a real “art” to fighting the A-4.
In a slow speed rolling scissors, it was literally a “ballet” -- not only with feet and stick, but also with the thumb (stick coolie hat trim control).
Slower speed pitch trimming technique was constant, and essential, since the electric motor trim-able stab surface area was MUCH larger than the attached elevator (which was controlled by only stick movement).
Throttle position was also essential in generating more nose pitch (pulling power) during a slow speed fight.
Depending on the slat adjustments on any given airplane, getting the slats out uniformly and easily was one of the most difficult parts of fighting the jet.
They basically “fall” out mechanically (i.e. via “g” or gravity) as a function of Angle of Attack (AOA).
Asymmetric slat extension meant a real bronco ride at higher “g” AOA extensions!
It was real work to get them out symmetrically at times.
Finally, raising and lowering flaps between 1/4 to 1/2 and back up at the appropriate times in a roller (by reaching your left hand down to the handle after the throttle was set back or full forward) was the other major factor in this "ballet."


This small 50’s vintage jet embarrassed many a “modern fighter” driver in both the Navy and USAF.
Not that it “shouldn’t” be spanked in the end, but, if those new state-of-the-art fighters were not flown smartly and patiently, (IOW, if pure performance “greed” took over the pilot too early), then that little A-4 could suddenly be all over those modern fighters like a cheap suit!
GREAT little jet.


Magic
 楼主| 发表于 2009-12-23 04:01:31 | 显示全部楼层
转图一张,帮助群众们理解水平安定面和升降舵的关系




狭窄的座舱

发表于 2009-12-23 09:13:10 | 显示全部楼层
证明:飞机小也不用自卑
发表于 2009-12-23 10:38:21 | 显示全部楼层
A4啊。。。都忘记长啥样了,居然那么NB。。。。
发表于 2009-12-23 11:35:53 | 显示全部楼层
一直对这小灰机很有爱..
不知道有没卖做私人机耍-_-||
发表于 2009-12-23 11:39:15 | 显示全部楼层
曹操
发表于 2009-12-23 13:10:56 | 显示全部楼层
这家伙可是能扔荷包蛋的家伙~!(核弹)不过话说回来,一开始还以为是打印纸呢~!……
发表于 2009-12-23 15:33:16 | 显示全部楼层
顶一下
发表于 2009-12-23 15:37:12 | 显示全部楼层
There was a real “art” to fighting the A-4.
发表于 2009-12-23 16:14:08 | 显示全部楼层
原帖由 iceviper 于 2009-12-23 15:37 发表
There was a real “art” to fighting the A-4.

我想起曾经听过某人说“艺术就是高到不行了的技术”,放在哪看好象都蛮有道理的啊~~~
发表于 2009-12-23 16:40:37 | 显示全部楼层
鸡鸡小没关系,关键是技巧
发表于 2009-12-23 16:42:32 | 显示全部楼层

回复 13# kiss4luna 的帖子

还要够硬。。。
发表于 2009-12-23 17:00:33 | 显示全部楼层
腰腹力量要强
发表于 2009-12-23 19:29:03 | 显示全部楼层
204,是不是玩过SF的都对2代机有不小的感情?
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